O uso da palhaçaria para crianças e adolescentes que demandam de hospitalização: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The child hospitalization process involves stressful situations caused by the modification of the family routine, which, by adding the suffering of the child or adolescent, transforms the experience of hospitalization more traumatic. From this perspective, the inclusion of clowns in hospitals can be considered a conciliatory proposal between technical care combined with humanized care. General Objective: To analyze, in the available scientific evidence, how knowledge about the use of clowning in hospitalized children and adolescents has been developed. Specific Objective: To identify the effects of clowning in hospitalized children and adolescents. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review, the collection of studies took place in January and February 2022 in the following databases: in the Virtual Health Library - BVS, in the Web of Science, PubMed and in the SciVerse Scopus, in the form advanced of all databases, the following search equation was inserted: (pediatric or child or children or infant or adolescent) AND clown therapy in pediatric patients OR clowning OR clown doctor OR clown therapy OR (clown and art therapy). Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were selected based on the full reading of the text. In these, there was a survey of research design, year, language and country of publication and analyzed by themes, such as “Vital Signs and Pain”, “Negative Feelings and Emotions” and “Perception of Health professionals, academics and family companions”, this the study offers an overview of hospital clowning, emphasizing the beneficial results of using this intervention in reducing cortisol, modifying vital signs parameters, reducing the level of pain, anxiety and negative feelings. Conclusion: The path of scientific knowledge on the subject investigated so far has been permeated by studies that show the benefits of using clowning with children in hospital environments, whether by assessing vital signs, stress level, perception of emotions and feelings or by perspective of the other agents active in this process (parents, health professionals, academics from courses in the area).