Cânceres hematológicos e pacientes em curso com infecção hospitalar e sepse em um hospital do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Abstract

Introduction: Although of many technological developments related to neoplasm treatment, cancer still on-off the principal causes of the dead in the whole world. New therapies, took to consequently increase of life expectancy in this group and growing up of the immunosuppressed population, susceptible to infection and sepsis. A closer look should be taking to these patients with hematologic cancer who route a worst prognostic. Objective: This research has an objective, as a retrospective-quantitative study, to analyze adult patients with hematologic neoplasm and suspicious of infection, sepsis, and shock septic, in a high complexity treatment center from West of Santa Catarina. Results: Of 121 appraised hospitalization (n=58 patients), 64 hospitalization showed some infection process (54,9%). These, the average age was 58 years old, with predominance in females sex. Acute myeloid leukemia was the principal cancer found (n=15), who has presented statistical significance p> 0,05. Between the comorbidities evaluated, Diabetes Mellitus (n=12) and Hypertension (n=19) were the most prevalent and also were statistically significant p>0,01. The most common infection focus was pulmonary (n=22), followed by Neutropenic fever (n=14). Female patients present more cases of infection, sepsis and shock septic, notwithstanding, male patients showed more organics dysfunctions. Concerning about outcomes, the death was constituted in 13 patients, these being 84,6% related to sepsis. Conclusion: Patients with Acute leukemias have a high risk of infection because of the physiopathology who affects neutrophils cells, besides the radiotherapy process who takes to damage bone marrow and loss in the hematopoiesis process. The pulmonary infection focus could be related to the use of invasive ventilation or by changes of local microbiota, taking to the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The expressive number of infection cases, and consequent unreported mortality, bring on the surface the necessity of development of public policies and compulsory notification owing to the high risk for immunocompromised.