Robótica educacional: uma ferramenta no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática no ensino médio

Abstract

Technological advances constantly modify society, however, these changes are little noticed in the teaching processes in Basic Education. Thus, the present work sought to investigate the potential of Educational Robotics as a teaching learning tool, since it is a technological apparatus that has several functionalities. For that, readings were carried out on the main theories related to Educational Robotics, of which we highlight Constructivism, Constructionism, Vygotsky's Socio-historical learning and the Pillars of Computational Thinking. The focus of the investigation was the observation of the practice carried out by the students, which consisted of programming a robot cart on the Arduino platform and then modeling its movement through the assumptions of uniform rectilinear movement. The practice was applied in the three school years of high school, with different objects of knowledge: The 1st year evaluated the function associated with uniform motion, while the 2nd year evaluated the graphic behavior of linear systems with two unknowns and two equations, through of the organization of two lines of uniform motion in a 2x2 linear system, and the 3rd year, used the experiment to evaluate the coefficients of the reduced equation of the line, in the study of analytical geometry. Before starting all this construction, an initial activity was carried out with the objective of introducing the Arduino platform and the programming language to the students. After the development of activities, the data obtained was analyzed based on qualitative aspects. The results showed that this approach contributes significantly to solving the proposed problems. The theories of Constructivism and Constructionism are also highlighted in the results observed, since the Educational Robotics tools were the instruments in which the students developed various actions in the search for knowledge. Finally, it is worth highlighting the importance of Computational Thinking, which was the way to find the solution for several activities.