Recampesinização e ressignificação do campesinato histórias de vida no Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas do Paraná (MMC/PR)

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes, through the methodology of life history and the dialectical method, the trajectory of five women farmers, who are part of the Movement of Peasant Women of Paraná (MMC/ PR). The general objective of this research was to identify if the participation of these women in the MMC allowed them to express their agroecological perceptions and to put them into practice in their productive units. In order to respond to this general objective, we seek to answer two specific objectives: a) how were the gender relations in the life of these women, before and after, their participation in the movement? b) how was the perception on the agricultural production of these women before and after entering the MMC? Bibliographical research informs us that because of the sexual division of labor, historically, women have developed perceptions and skills more ecologically than men. These perceptions and skills would have been preserved in peasant women. However, the literature also reveals to us that, the same culture that maintained this sexual division of labor, and allowed the preservation of these knowledge in women, is a culture rooted in patriarchy, in relations of oppression and authoritarianism. Thus, even if women had this knowledge, they were not allowed to participate in the productive planning of their agricultural units. Based on Eduardo Sevilla Guzmán's conception of agroecology as the best strategy for sustainable rural development, one of its foundations is the participation of all the subjects, involved in productive practice, in the construction of collective knowledge. Thus, if we do not face unequal gender relations, we are impeding women from participating in this knowledge-building and development process. Thus, one of the challenges for the advancement and strengthening of agroecology is to seek to generate processes in which both men's and women's participation are possible. The results of this research revealed that the MMC, a movement that discusses both gender relations and agroecology as a means of resistance to the advance of capitalism in the countryside, allowed a development in the consciousness of the women interviewed. Through the process of consciousness, through praxis, these women started to claim their right to participate in all decision-making, whether in the family or in the productive unit; They began to identify themselves as peasants and to recognize the value of their old ways of generating knowledge. With this, in dialogue with their companions, they began processes of agroecological transition in their productive units, generating a process of recampesinization. Re-signified recampesinization, for now, no longer based on a peasantry founded on unequal relations of gender, but on a peasantry grounded in the search for the construction of gender equity.