Desempenho de linhagens de feijão de diferentes grupos de cores de grãos em ensaio de valor de cultivo e uso (vcu)

Abstract

The elite lines of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) developed in breeding programs need to be evaluated in trials called Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU), especially for productivity and resistance to pathogens, norder to verify the adaptation to the cultivation environment, so that later, given the superior performance, it is possible to register with the ministry of agriculture, cattle and supplying. Therefore, the result of the VCU test becomes a legal requirement for the registration of new cultivars. Moreover, in the culture of common beans, the new cultivars made available by institutions, public in their majority, must meet the demands of consumers. Thus, it has been gaining space in the routines of plant breeding the selection of materials aimed at the market of special grains, in other words, that have grains with different colors, which have a higher market value, which is important to leverage the finance of farmers, especially family farmers who sell in local markets. In view of the above, the present work aims to evaluate the agronomic performance of common bean lines of different color groups, developed by Embrapa Clima Temperado, in VCU trial. The experiment was set up in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), in the Erechim city, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2021/22 harvest, in a randomized block experimental design, with four repetitions. The plots consisted of three rows of crops, with a length of four meters, spaced at 0.5 meters. A total of 13 genotypes were evaluated, being eight lines: TB 02- 07, TB 02-20, TB 03-07, TB 03-27, TB 03-08, TB 03-26, MPA BRILHANTE and TB 03-11; and five control cultivars: BRS Intrépido, BRS Paisano, BRS Expedito, Macanudo and Macotaço. The characters analyzed were: grain yield, anthracnose and common bacterial blignt score (leaves and pods), lodging score, and general adaptation score. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by a multiple comparison of means test. In terms of production performance, no line exceeded the control cultivar Macotaço. However, among the evaluated lines, TB 03-08 (black grain) and TB 03-27 (Moorish grain) showed the highest grain yields. For antracnose there was no significant difference between the genotypes. On the other hand, strains TB 03-11, TB 02-07, TB 02-20 and "MPA Brilhante", both black grains, were potentially resistant to common bacterial blight in pods and leaves. Strains TB 02-07, TB 03- 11, "MPA Brilhante", TB 02-20 both block grain, and TB 03-07 (red grain) showed erect growth. And the lines TB 03-08 and TB 02-20 (both black grain) showed better overall adaptation. Finally, considering all the characters evaluated the line TB 03-08 showed the best performance among the elite lines.