Fungicida biológico a base de saccharomyces cerevisiae no controle de ferrugem asiática e rendimento da soja

Abstract

Asian soybean rust is currently the main crop disease in Brazil. Its causal agent is the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, and the main method of this disease control is based on the use of fungicides. To have a more assertive management and ensure crop productivity, it is very important to use fungicides that oppose the disease efficiently. The induction of plant resistance to diseases is an important strategy in integrated management. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the biological fungicide based on the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the control of Asian soybean rust and its effects on the yield and productivity components of the crop. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Campus Erechim, in the 2021/22 crop season, with BMX Zeus IPRO (55i57 RSF IPRO) cultivar. The design used was randomized blocks (DBC) with 4 replications and 7 treatments, as follows: T1) control, without any fungicide application; T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) with application of fungicides according to application programs plus the fungicide cerevisane; and T7) conventional application program. The incidence and severity of Asian rust, the thousand-grain weight and yield were quantified. All treatments that received the fungicide application obtained numerically higher productivity than the control, but only T6 differed statistically from the others, being that this treatment received three applications of cerevisane, and obtained a productivity 10.12% higher than the control. Similarly, compared to the control, all treatments showed a better efficiency to control Asian rust, with T6 standing out in relation to the others. With this, it can be concluded that the application program carried out in T6 provides greater efficiency in the control of Asian rust, as well as greater productivity for soybean, cv. Zeus IPRO (55i57 RSF IPRO).