Sistemas de saúde mundiais e suas respostas à pandemia causada pelo Sars-cov-2

Abstract

Although the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 has a relatively low lethality scale, the diffusion scale is high, resulting in a rapid spread of the virus and a threat to health systems. The objective of this work was to analyze the health systems in different countries and discuss their organizational responses to the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus. It is a documentary research and an ecological study, where seven countries were chosen. Data were collected by direct search system in national and international databases, websites of non-governmental institutions and official bodies. Data presented by each country from the first case of the disease to the latest data published in December 2020 were included. To calculate mortality and vaccination rates, data from March and July 2021 were also considered. Germany was the country with the highest number of beds and doctors, Argentina the lowest number of beds and the United States the lowest number of doctors per 100,000 population. The application of exams was higher in the United States and lower in New Zealand. The mortality rate was highest in Italy, United States and Brazil and lowest in China and New Zealand. The United States was the country that most vaccinated a population, Brazil and New Zealand did not vaccinate a population in 2020. Most countries have a structured health system, except for the United States, with a leading role in Hospitalar. The measures adopted to contain the virus had different degrees of flexibility between countries and periods, with greater control in New Zealand, China, Germany, Argentina and Italy. The way the health system is structured, the investment in science and technology and the capacity to take rapid and effective actions to contain the virus are relevant factors when analyzing the number of deaths and mortality rates in countries.