Transformação na paisagem das praças de Erechim/RS: uma análise sob o viés da geografia histórica (1904-2022)

Abstract

This work is in the field of geography and aims to analyze the process of transformation of the landscape of the squares of Erechim/RS, between the period 1904-2022. It appears that the cultural change is adopted for the maintenance of a new modern equipment and is adopted for the maintenance of a modern cultural environment, starting to adopt an aggressive approach to the maintenance of a modern cultural equipment, starting to adopt an aggressive approach. by an environment modified to a modern environment. The research is structured in a descriptive qualitative approach that uses bibliographic and documentary sources. Academic productions such as books, articles, theses, and dissertations subsidized the research, as well as the consultation of documentary, iconographic and periodical sources with public agencies, the Municipal Archive Juarez Mi-guel Illa Font and the Municipal Public Library Dr. Gladstone Osorio Marsico. Firstly, the concepts of space and landscape are focused. Space is identified as a social product, which concentrates economic and political systems and where social relations of production are established. Space is understood as a historical product in continuous transformation driven by social, economic and cultural factors.The landscape, in turn, is understood as a historicalsocial element resulting from the accumulation of times. Our research was based on the concept of the historian Simon Schama, where he presents the landscape as a cultural construction that is constituted by strata of memory. Through this perspective, we can verify that the squares of Erechim are landscapes that carry symbolic forms that represent the past according to the specific bias, that of the colonizer. The city of Erechim, which had in its historical formation the presence of indigenous people, later pioneers and caboclos, was established as a colony in 1908 and began to be occupied by colonizers from 1910 onwards. In this context, the urban project conceived by Carlos Torres Gonçalves which was based on positivism. In the 1970s, with the acceleration of the industrialization process, it appears that the urban population of Erechim stands out over the rural population, and this factor starts to impact the city's landscape. With this process, the growth of peripheral areas, as well as legal political initiatives that aim to regulate the destination of public areas for the purpose of subdivision and urban expansions. From 1990 onwards, it becomes evident that the city's Master Plan institutes a new zoning law, allowing greater verticalization of the urban space of Erechim. In this scenario, we analyze the squares of Erechim as spaces of memory and landscapes in line with symbolism. These spaces are shown to be loaded with political, ideological and cultural intentions, being more than physical structures. The squares, as places of memory and repositories of meanings, end up evoking the past and an intentional discourse that intends to perpetuate itself in future generations. In the current context, there is a significant refunctionalization of the squares of Erechim. With the investigation, it appears that these spaces end up giving a significant dimension to sports practices due to the reforms carried out in the highlighted squares. Faced with the urbanization and verticalization of the city, we found that the spaces of the squares are necessary so that the inhabitants of Erechim can enjoy the city with dignity.