Romântico e antimoderno: anti ilustração, anti utopia e religião em Fiódor Dostoiévski (1860- 1864)

Abstract

Russia, during the second half of the 19th century, is going through a historical period of uncertainty about the country's future. With the emergence of various proposals for modernity, the future of the Empire is questioned by the intellectual class and incipient bourgeoisie, eager for national political, social and economic modernization. The debate around this issue will take place, mainly, through literature, which will shape in this context a political, literary and intellectual field that will produce several projects of modernity whose content will be guided by the establishment of directions and rhythms that this transformation should follow, with the emergence of several political currents that, from reformism to revolution, will dispute the future of the nation. From this, we will analyze the work Memórias do Subsolo (1864) and part of the thinking of Fyodor Dostoevsky during this period, visualizing the writer within this field of dispute. Contrary to his contemporaries, Dostoevsky will be against many of the changes implicit in the modernizing process, prostrating himself negatively in the face of it. From an anti-modern and romantic discourse, symbolically present in the author's thought and work, we glimpse Dostoevsky's resistance to modernity as indicative of an anti-modern and romantic position of the author. From this position, we can see in Dostoevsky's antimodern/romantic framework a proposal for an alternative and dissident development for Russia, anchored in the author's negative expectation of the modern future and in his orthodox Christian conception of personality development through love and fraternity. with the other.