Efetividade do marcador micronúcleo em peixes expostos a agrotóxicos: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The use of pesticides in the world, with a view to increasing food production, must be accompanied by protocols for environmental analysis and monitoring. Fish are used as models for the study of genotoxic and mutagenic potential, because they respond to water contamination with rapid reactions even at low concentrations and make it possible to extrapolate these responses to mammals. The micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) test have been used in freshwater fish due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, accurate data and applicability for studies under laboratory and field conditions, which offers a good strategy for evaluating xenobiotics in test organisms. This research aimed to verify the effectiveness of the MN and AN marker in fish for environmental genotoxicity tests, through the existence of a relationship between the use of pesticides and the occurrence of genotoxic alterations in fish through an integrative review. We searched for journals published in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, between January 2000 and June 2021 with pre-established keywords. As a result, after selection considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 149 articles remained. The species Channa punctatus had the highest frequency (11.4%). The number of fish used in the experiments was varied, and the sample size of 10 individuals was the most used by the authors. The number of erythrocytes counted by fish used as a parameter by the authors was 2,000. Controlled experiments were the most adopted by the authors, and cytological staining by Giemsa was the most used. The results show that the marker is efficient for the search for genotoxic potential in fish exposed to numerous pesticides, but without a standardization in the tests.