Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com tumores primários e secundários do sistema nervoso central

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are brain and spinal cord neoplasms that are classified into primary and secondary. Primary CNS tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that develop from the growth of abnormal CNS cells, while secondary tumors are metastases, tumors that grow and come from other sites in the body. Objectives: Describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients affected by primary and secondary tumors of the Central Nervous System. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that collected, in a non-probabilistic way, data from the medical records of patients treated between January 2015 and December 2020 at the Hospital de Clinicas de Passo Fundo, RS, regarding the anatomopathological examination, age, sex, color, origin, education, symptoms, location of the tumor, treatment, complications and their outcome. Data were collected from July to August 2021, transcribed and then entered into a database for descriptive analysis of the prevalence and frequency of selected variables, with the mean and standard deviation being calculated, as well as the distribution absolute and relative frequency of the categorical variables. Results: The sample consisted of 411 patients, 55.2% of which were female. A total of 93.7% were white, aged between 51 and 75 years (55.5%), from Passo Fundo (19.0%) farmers (17.0%) with complete primary education (34 .8%), attended by the SUS (64.5%), smokers or ex-smokers (21.2%), with the majority attended in 2019 (19.9%) and with a length of hospital stay to perform the treatment less than or equal to 10 days (59.0%). Of the total, 81.8% were affected by primary central nervous system neoplasms. Secondary tumors accounted for 18.2% of cases. Of the primary tumors, gliomas were the most frequent, accounting for 24.7% of the total, whereas of secondary neoplasms, those that had the lung as the primary site were the most prevalent (32.0%). These neoplasms had the brain and brainstem as the most frequent location of involvement. Conclusion: The epidemiological and clinical behavior of neoplasms that affect the Central Nervous System in the region covered by the study is in line with data from the Brazilian and world literature.