Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tétano acidental notificados na região sul do Brasil no período de 2009 a 2019

Abstract

Accidental tetanus is a preventable condition through individual systematic vaccination with tetanus anatoxin. Understanding its distribution over the years and its related characteristics is essential to reinforce actions to combat it. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of accidental tetanus in southern Brazil and describe its epidemiological profile and factors related to its cure. Ecological and exploratory study, with data from notifications of accidental tetanus in the southern region of Brazil, from 2009 to 2019. Databases from the SUS Department of Informatics – DATASUS were used. The sample consisted of 593 cases of accidental tetanus in the southern region of Brazil with an average incidence coefficient of accidental tetanus in the period of 0.21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants over a 10- year period. Males were predominant (82.0%), aged between 40 and 59 years (41.7%), with white color/race (79.4%), residents of the Metropolitan macro-region of Rio Grande do Sul– (86.3%) and with a favorable outcome of the case (51.1%), which showed a greater statistically significant difference between males (84.8%; p<0.001), aged 40- 59 years old (45.1%; p<0.001) and residents of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (41.7%; p<0.001). The relationship between the favorable outcome and epidemiological characteristics such as gender, age group and state of residence was noted. Also, there was an irregular trend in the incidence values, making it essential to maintain preventive measures through vaccination.