Tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasias malignas de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo-RS: uma análise de 1999 a 2019

Abstract

Malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix are important public health issues. They stand out for being morbidities with a known natural history, enabling primary and secondary prevention. However, despite prevention measures, these two types of cancer continue to have high incidence and mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Brazil. The study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to malignant neoplasm of the breast and cervix over an interval of 20 years in a city of South Brazil. Methods: A time-series study on the mortality trend from malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix from 1999 to 2019, according to age and education, in women living in the city of Passo Fundo, RS. was carried-out Population and mortality data were obtained through the Health Information Systems available at the Interface of the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System. Prais-Winsten regression was applied to assess temporal trend . Results: Stability in mortality rates for cervical cancer and an increase for malignant breast cancer was observed over the time series. When stratified by age, in both neoplasms analyzed, an increase in death rates was identified in the age group of 70-79 years (p<0.05). The same pattern was identified in the age group 60-69 years, but only for breast cancer (β: 1.91: p=0.027). On the other hand, even in breast cancer, in the 40-49 age group, there was a reduction in death rates (β:-1.30; p<0.001). In the case of cervical cancer, the rate reduction was only observed in the age group of 60-69 years. When stratified by education, , an increase in rates was observed in women with up to 7 years of schooling, in both cancers. For breast cancer, there was a trend towards an increase in the rate, however much less expressive when compared to a lower level of education. Conclusion: After 20 years, we observed stability in overall mortality rates for malignant neoplasm of the cervix and a statistically significant increase in rates for malignant breast cancer in the city of Passo Fundo. Important differences were observed when analyzing the coefficients according to age and education. The evaluation of the temporal trend is fundamental to quantify and compare the indicators and, from this perspective, serve as a subsidy for the planning and monitoring of public policies aimed at women's health.