A silicose e o perfil clínico epidemiológico de garimpeiros atendidos na unidade regional em saúde do trabalhador do município de Ametista do Sul (RS)

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of prospectors attended at the Regional Unit for Occupational Health in the city of Ametista do Sul (RS) from January 2016 to December 2020. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on data collection from medical records of prospectors assisted at a worker's health unit. Results: 425 patients were included, with a mean age of 42.2 years (± 10.8), male (100%), white (43.2%), with incomplete primary education (63.5%), non-smokers (56.9%) and with a time of exposure to silica of 20.5 years (± 9.5). There is a diagnosis of silicosis (CID.10 J62) in 22.3%, use of a mask as personal protection equipment in 99.7% and water perforation in the entire sample. Presence of cough in 15.3% and dyspnea in 11.3%, with no complaints of cyanosis and jugular venous dilatation. Presence of other respiratory diseases in 30% of miners, 7% of which are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 3.7% of tuberculosis. Most of those diagnosed with silicosis have a spirometric pattern considered normal (43.1%). There are no changes on chest radiographs in 46.1% and the main change is the presence of hilar prominence (16%). Conclusion: It is concluded that the data collected are consistent with the literature. In addition, those diagnosed with silicosis present the chronic form of the disease, with a normal spirometric pattern.