Deslocamento ativo e doenças cardiometabólicas em usuários da atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between active commuting for activities of daily living with the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases in Primary Health Care users. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out from May to August 2019, with users of the Unified Health System, assisted in 34 urban Primary Health Care units in the municipality of Passo Fundo, RS. Cardiometabolic diseases (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases and overweight/obesity) were measured using a self-reported medical diagnosis, using a questionnaire developed for the study. Displacement was analyzed in a dichotomous way, being considered active those who commuted daily on foot or by bicycle, and inactive those who traveled by car, motorcycle or bus. Prevalence was performed with a 95% confidence interval for the outcome of interest. In addition, to verify associated cardiometabolic diseases, the crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson Regression. Results: The sample consisted of 1443 people with an associated prevalence of 4.3% (p=0.010) for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 7.3% (p=0.006) for obesity or overweight, in people who move inactively. Regarding other diseases, there was a prevalence of 2% (p=0.456) for systemic arterial hypertension, 0.3% (p=0.912) for hypertriglyceridemia, 2.4% (p=0.222) for cardiovascular diseases and hypercholesterolemia showed no differences in prevalence (p=0.989) in association with active commuting. Conclusion: The study observed a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity or overweight in people who move passively. Thus, the study can provide important information to encourage policy changes aimed at improving public infrastructure that enables safe active displacement, which will positively impact the health of the population.