Revisão sistemática sobre a interação entre polimorfismos genéticos humanos e a resposta imune ao SARSCOV-2

Abstract

The pandemic caused by COVID-9, envolving the new coronavirus - SARS-COV-2, represented one of the greatest challenges of global public health in the last biennium. Certainly, economic, social and mortality indices were negatively affected in terms of morbidity and mortality prospects. After the loss of about 6.0 million human lives, the pathophysiology and prognosis of this challenging disease are still objects of questioning. The primary objective of this systematic review, carried out between February and July 2022, was to focus on genetic polymorphisms that impact the host's immune response, which is still one of the main, if not the main, prognostic factor for the patient. The databases consulted and used were PROSPERO, MEDLINE, PUBMED and Scielo. The results obtained allowed us to observe that the following main polymorphisms or expression genes had an impact on the prognosis, hospitalization and other health-disease indicators of affected patients, being mainly found in the gene related to IL-6: rs2069837 (GG allele) from the IL-6 gene; (rs12979860 CC, rs12980275 AA, rs8099917 TT and rs368234815 IL-6 TT/TT), rs2228145 and CC, GC and GG genotypes of the IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism; several HLA-1 and 2 haplotypes, probably ethnic-dependent, TLR7 gene, with emphasis on the rs179008 polymorphism, as well as the TLR3 variant rs3775290, IFNL3 (rs12979860 TT, rs12980275 GG, rs8099917 GG) and IFNL4 (rs368234815 ΔG/ΔG ), in addition to genes related to the lectin family and blood types. It is concluded that randomized clinical studies need to be intensified to elucidate the genesis of polymorphisms and factors potentially modifiable by pharmacological and/or genetic therapies that will follow.