Sistema Purinérgico, estresse oxidativo e inflamação na doença periodontal

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of a chronic inflammatory process, due to the accumulation of bacterial biofilm and the host's response to these pathogens, resulting in the destruction of supporting tissues of dental structures. Studies have revealed that components of the purinergic system, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are related to the development and progression of PD. The objective was to evaluate periodontal clinical parameters, the modulation of the purinergic system, OS and inflammation in patients with PD, compared with individuals without the disease. This is a cross-sectional study with quantitative analysis, with a total of 82 participants, 25 healthy individuals and 57 individuals with PD. From the observed results, there was a significant reduction in the hydrolysis of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) in lymphocytes of individuals in the group with PD in relation to the control group, indicating that individuals with PD presented reduced activity of NTPDase 1 (CD39) and Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity in the saliva and serum of individuals with PD was significantly higher compared to the control group. Extracellular ATP (eATP) showed a statistically significant increase in PD. The serum concentration of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) showed a statistically significant increase in individuals with PD. In the analyzes of oxidative stress (OS), there was a statistically significant decrease in the antioxidant defenses of individuals with PD in the analyzes of Vitamin C and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and an increase in serum levels in the analyzes referring to the determination of reactive species (reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid/TBARS and reactive oxygen species/ROS). Through the questionnaire of self-report of periodontal condition, we can profile the participants affected by PD, in addition to visualizing the main habits and factors associated with the triggering and maintenance of PD, and in the group with PD, few participants reported using dental floss, didn't brush their teeth every day and don't go to the dentist regularly. Therefore, we see that the enzymes of the purinergic system are present in the modulation of PD, leading individuals affected by the disease to a pro-inflammatory state. Contributing to the generation of free radicals and the disorder between antioxidant and oxidant defenses, hindering the action of the immune system, increasing serum markers of inflammation (CRP).