Adaptabilidade do estilosantes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata e Stylosanthes macrocephala) às condições edafoclimáticas do Oeste Catarinense

Abstract

Green manuring, crop rotation and direct planting are management practices that are increasingly consolidated in Brazilian production systems. In this context, some plants stand out for their great utility and value in succession systems, including legumes, due to specific characteristics such as biological N fixation and rusticity, for example. The stylosantes cv, Campo Grande is a legume that can fulfill the purposes of green manure and forage, acclimatized to the Midwest region of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptation and performance of stylosantes cv. Campo Grande to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, and for that, two experiments were controlled at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, campus of Chapecó - SC, the first being in the field and the second carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design used for the field was randomized blocks, with four replications (four blocks) and four treatments, the treatments being the different sowing dates of the stylosanthes, respectively: 09/1/2021, 09/15/2021, 1/ 10/2021 and 10/15/2021. For the experiment in the greenhouse, inoculation of stylosanthes seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum was carried out, aiming to observe the formation of root nodules for N fixation, and also to measure the interference of weeds in the development of stylosanthes, through the inspection of grass plants. bitter (Digitaria insularis) in the middle of the culture. The experimental design used was completely randomized, and the treatments consisted of plants with and without inoculant, and with different numbers of weeds in each pot, with T1 = 0, T2 = 1, T3 = 2 and T4 = 4 for both plants without inoculum, as for with inoculum. After collection, the data obtained in the field and in the field were submitted to analysis in the statistical software R. The variance analysis (F test at 5%) was used to analyze the variables. Comparisons of the mean of each repetition were made by Duncan's multiple amplitude test at 5% confidence. The different sowing dates were not significant in the development of the stylus and for measures of plant height, green mass and dry mass. No association was observed with N-fixing microorganisms and root nodule formation both in the field experiment and in the greenhouse with seed inoculation. The stylosantes cv. Campo Grande presented good germination even in soil conditions different from the traditional ones and rusticity in competition with weed species.