Música como tecnologia do cuidado para promover saúde: percepções dos profissionais atuantes no ambiente hospitalar

Abstract

The hospital routine is permeated with concerns, anxieties and uncertainties, both for hospitalized people and for health professionals, who are experiencing these feelings because of the responsibility they take care of in the constant care, in the complex occupational risks involved, having to deal with, often with the handling of grief and death. Therefore, it is urgent to develop health promotion actions to alleviate these feelings. Faced with the scarce health promotion actions in the hospital environment, music emerges as an instrument to alleviate stress, anxiety, fear and sadness. This study aims to understand the occurrence of professionals who work in hospital care regarding the use of music as a care technology to promote health in the hospital. The study is characterized as a descriptive, exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, based on the theoretical budgets of Health Promotion, with the participation of 15 professionals from the Neurology and Internal Medicine sectors of the largest regional hospital in the West of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview with each professional, between July and August 2022, after carrying out the musical intervention developed by the Musicagem extension program, of the Nursing Course at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul. Data were analyzed as per Minayo's content analysis. With the research results, it became clear that the concept of health, for educated people, involves physical and mental, biopsychosocial well-being, maintaining the balance between physical, mental, social and spiritual factors. They also mentioned that it is essential to maintain quality of life and self-care, taking care of food, physical exercise and mental health. For the study participants, these are ways of promoting health in the hospital: active listening; respect; Humanization; prevention and treatment; ludic activities, such as clowning and music. For health professionals, music provides tranquility, thoughts, distraction and joy, being a means to promote health, but it can also accentuate stressful moments in the work environment. It is time to encourage the development of new studies, both in Nursing and in other areas, on the use of music as a care technology, as well as other strategies to promote the health of hospitalized people, their families and professionals, who also need to be taken care of.