Análise da efetividade da oxigenioterapia hiperbárica no tratamento de feridas crônicas

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the evolution of the wounds of patients undergoing treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, of a quantitative nature, carried out in a reference Hyperbaric Clinic in western Santa Catarina. Data collection consisted of an analytical review of the medical records filled in from January 2018 to July 2021, analyzing the patients' medical records. For statistical analysis of the data, GraphPad Prism was used and for morphometric analysis, ImageJ software was used. A total of 198 patient records were analyzed, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 records remained. To facilitate the discussion of the data, the medical records were separated into 3 groups, with group I comprising 10 (27%) patients who underwent up to 10 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, group II comprising 12 (32.5%) patients who underwent from 11 to 20 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and group III by 15 (40.5%) patients who underwent more than 20 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Of these, 54% were male, white (89.2%) and had a mean age of 58.2 years. They had a normal body mass index (45.4%) for weight and height and, regarding their professional occupation, they were retired (43.2%). There was a greater use of antihypertensive drugs (22.2%), with emphasis on underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus (21.7%) and systemic arterial hypertension (18.9%). Regarding indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, it was found that it was mainly due to fasciitis, cellulitis or necrotizing myositis (62.2%), arising from surgical procedures (40.5%), located in the lower limbs (75.7%), with chronic evolution (91.9%). The results of this research point to the effectiveness of treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, with a significant reduction in lesions in both groups. Each patient is unique, and responds differently to treatment. The nurse is primarily responsible for monitoring the patient and fully participates in the longitudinal care of the population through evidence-based actions. In view of this, it is important that he be trained and qualified to be able to assess the injury and guide the patient according to his needs.