Biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em pacientes infectados pelo sars-cov-2

Abstract

COVID-19, a lethal respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is transmitted through contact with infected people, droplets or aerosols. The first cases of this disease in China in Wuhan, at the end of 2019. The disease can remain asymptomatic, or generate mild, moderate and severe symptoms that occurred in beds in Intensive Care Units and Orotracheal Intubation. Due to the establishment of an infectious condition, there is a balance between reactive oxygen species and toxins and antioxidant defenses, generating oxidative stress. Previous studies indicate that oxidative stress culminates in a worsening of the patient's clinical condition, so it is believed that there is a difference in the levels of these biomarkers according to the severity of the disease's symptoms. This work aims to evaluate the levels of OS biomarkers in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who remain hospitalized in the ICU and in non-ICU sectors in comparison with the control group. 90 individuals from the city of Chapecó-SC were selected to participate in the research, through a sample by volunteer personnel. With 30 patients hospitalized in non-ICU hospital wards, 30 patients hospitalized in ICU and 30 control subjects. The sample characterization data show an increase in age, weight and Body Mass Index according to the severity of the disease. The results of laboratory analyzes showed an increase in the levels of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (p < 0.0001) and Myeloperoxidase (p < 0.01) in patients admitted to the ICU compared to the control group. Regarding non-enzymatic antioxidants, a significant decrease in serum levels of ascorbic acid was observed in patients infected with COVID-19 in the ICU groups (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. However, an increase in the levels of Protein Thiols (p < 0.0001) was observed in patients in the ICU group compared to the control group. The level of Non-Protein Thiols showed a significant change in the group of Non-UTI and UTI patients, with higher physiological expression in the Non-UTI group of patients (p < 0.01). Thus, the study finds the influence of oxidative stress on the worsening or progression of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2.