Parto domiciliar planejado após experiência prévia de parto vaginal hospitalar: vivências e motivações de mulheres

Abstract

The current Brazilian obstetric model is guided by a medicalized, interventionist and hospital-centered attitude, limiting the role of women in the physiological process of childbirth, causing assisted and often traumatic occurrences. In this scenario, planned home birth has resurfaced as a possibility consistent with the humanization of labor and birth care, respecting the parturient's autonomy and the physiology of natural childbirth. The objective was to analyze the experiences and motivations of women who had a planned home birth after a previous experience of hospital vaginal birth and to characterize sociodemographic data and information about pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium of these women. It is a research with a qualitative approach, of the descriptive and exploratory type, with the participation of 11 women residing in the west of Santa Catarina. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews carried out on online platforms, in the pregnant women's notebooks and in the registration forms of the teams that attended the births. Data were subjected to thematic content analysis and the project was approved by an Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings under opinion 5,170,967 and CAAE 2930121.1.0000.5564. After analyzing the data and characterizing the participants, the themes were clarified: “Perinatal information and preparation for decision-making about planned home birth”, “Previous hospital experiences motivating the choice of planned home birth” and “Re-signifying the experiences of parturition with planned home birth”. The first theme addressed access to information as an empowering factor for women, since lack of knowledge leads to vulnerability and exposure of women to obstetric violence. In the second topic, the participants' previous hospital experiences were discussed as the main motivating factor for choosing home birth, with reports of unpleasant experiences in the hospital environment. Finally, the last theme mentioned the perceptions and experiences that the participants had when giving birth in the home environment and how they re-signified their previous experiences. It was found that many are the motivations of women for choosing a planned home birth, mainly the desire not to experience a series of interventions that occurred in the hospital setting, in addition to the desire for a respectful birth, in the comfort and safety of their homes, with the presence of purposely chosen family members and professionals.