Componentes bioativos em pitangas e amoras-pretas: características nutracêuticas e potencial antioxidante

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the physical-chemical and nutraceutical postharvest characteristics of fruits from different accessions of Surinam cherry and blackberry cultivars from the regions of Pelotas/RS and Chapecó/SC respectively. Three experiments were carried out, in the first one, the nutraceutical analyzes of the pitangueira, took place during the year 2022, in the Fruit Growing and Post-Harvest laboratory, located at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul/UFFS, Campus Chapecó/SC. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CID) with eight treatments represented by accessions (Gen1, Gen2, Gen3, Gen4, Gen5, Gen6, Gen7, Gen8) and three replications for each treatment. The analyzes were carried out with approximately five fruits at the complete maturation stage of each accession. In the second experiment, the analysis took place during the 2022/2023 harvest, in an orchard located in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul/UFFS, Campus Chapecó/SC, where the productive characteristics were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a Completely Random Design (DIC) with four treatments represented by the cultivars BRS Tupy, BRS Xavante, Cherokee and Guarani, with five replications for each treatment. The determination of productive characteristics was carried out during the entire crop cycle, every 15 days. For the nutraceutical characteristics evaluated, the third laboratory experiment was carried out under a Completely Random Design (DIC) with five treatments composed of BRS Tupy, BRS Xavante, BRS Xingu, Cherokee and Guarani cultivars and three replications. The analyzes were carried out with fruits at the complete maturation stage of each cultivar. The research is divided into two blocks, starting with the physicochemical characterization of the pitangueira trees. Where the analyzed variables were: Total Sugar (AT), Reducing Sugar (AR), Total Phenolic Compounds (CF) and Vitamin C (VC). Afterwards, the productive characterization of the mulberry tree was carried out, based on the variables: Total Number of Fruits per treatment (NFT), Productivity (PROD), Fresh Mass (MF), Dry Mass (MS), Soluble Solids (SS) and Volume of Fruits (VF), also being evaluated the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits, through the variables: Reducing Sugar (AR), Total Phenolic Compounds (FC) and Vitamin C (VC). According to the results found, it appears that for pitanga, the fruits of the treatment (Gen7) had higher levels of vitamin C, total and reducing sugars compared to the other analyzed accessions. Regarding blackberry, it was observed that the concentration of reducing sugars was higher in the treatments represented by the cultivars: BRS Xavante, BRS Tupy and Guarani. According to the results for soluble solids found in this work, it was verified that the Cherokee cultivar was superior. For the values of total phenolic compounds, it was observed that the antioxidant properties of the evaluated blackberry and pitanga fruits did not show significant differences between accessions and cultivars. With regard to volume, fresh and dry fruit mass, the best results were found in the BRS Tupy cultivar, which also showed the highest productivity. Therefore, mulberry and pitangueira fruits have physicochemical characteristics suitable for consumption both in natura and in processed form, and the use of these fruits can offer opportunities for the food industry, and can even be used by producers in the region, due to the low cost. of implantation in addition to being a good income option for small and medium producers.