Manejo do paciente oncológico na atenção primária à saúde: possibilidade/impossibilidades

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Globally, around one in six deaths is due to cancer, and by 2030 it could overtake cardiovascular disease. Given this scenario, the care and treatment of patients with an oncological diagnosis is ensured by specific legislation, which provides for the three levels of health care. However, the literature reveals difficulties with regard to health phenomena intertwined with oncology in the context of Primary Health Care (PHC). Objective: To analyze the perception and knowledge of nurses in assisting oncological patients in Primary Health Care in a municipality in western Santa Catarina. Method: Qualitative descriptive exploratory study, developed in the Family Health Centers (CSF) of a municipality in western Santa Catarina. The inclusion criteria were, clinical nurses working in the CSF of the target city of the study and as exclusion criteria, nurses on vacation, leave or attestation during the period of data collection. Data collection took place between September and October 2022, online. Initially, a Google forms via E-mail was forwarded individually, with only one sender and one recipient, with the invitation to participate in the research, after acceptance, the participant was directed to the Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE) for online agreement and signature, they were then redirected to the questionnaire page, with semi-structured questions, referring to cancer patient care within the scope of PHC. Considering that the total expected population was 62 nurses, through this strategy 12 professionals responded, therefore, it was decided to restructure the data collection proposal, in order to facilitate access and expand the sample. Thus, the invitation was forwarded via 1 DOC (official internal communication channel of the city hall of that municipality) individually, respecting all ethical aspects, the sample totaled 33 participants. Results: The present study resulted in two articles. The first entitled “Panorama of assistance to cancer patients in the context of Primary Health Care, from the perspective of nurses in a municipality in western Santa Catarina”. And the second, entitled “Unveiling the praxis of the Nursing Process in the management of patients with a cancer diagnosis within the PHC/ESF in a municipality in western Santa Catarina”. Based on the evidence from this study, an educational technology, of the booklet type, was created to contribute to nurses' performance in terms of assistance to cancer patients within the scope of the PHC/ESF. Finals considerations: Based on this study, it is possible to signal a situational diagnosis, regarding the effective assistance to cancer patients in PHC, this is structured in a general way, based on the longitudinality of care and from a humanized perspective. This care, sometimes underestimated and devalued, due to the incompleteness in the development and registration of the EP. In allusion to the exclusive assistance to cancer patients, this is constituted by mishaps in terms of inexperience and technical-scientific preparation, aggravated by the lack of communication and integration of the points of the Health Care Network (RAS). In view of this, it is clear that this panorama is not exclusive, since the literature reveals similar studies, where vulnerabilities are repeated, thus highlighting the importance of greater investments in the field of oncology in PHC.