Risco de velocidade do vento limitante à irrigação por aspersão no Brasil

Abstract

The use of irrigation in agriculture is necessary to maintain high agricultural production and meet the growing demand for food. Among the main methods, sprinkler irrigation is the most used on the planet today, thanks to its versatility and adaptability. However, the use of this method is highly sensitive to high wind speeds, which causes a low uniformity of water depth application. Based on intervals in which the wind speed is low, it is possible to estimate the time available for using sprinkler irrigation, aiming to improve the efficiency of water application and reduce losses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the risk of limiting wind speeds for sprinkler irrigation in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, as well as to indicate the months of the year and times of day with greater risk. using this type of irrigation. Also analyze which are the locations within each state where wind speed is the most limiting to sprinkler irrigation. Hourly data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) were obtained from all automatic meteorological stations present in these four states and the risk of occurrence of wind speeds limiting irrigation in each location was estimated. After that, the monthly average and the average per state were calculated, in order to verify whether there is risk variation throughout the year and between states. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the state of Rio Grande do Sul has the greatest limitations in using the sprinkler irrigation method due to high wind speeds and Minas Gerais has the lowest risks. The greatest limitations in using the sprinkler irrigation method are concentrated between the months of July and October and the times of day with the greatest limitations are concentrated in the interval from 08:00 in the morning to 18:00 in the afternoon.