Respostas morfofisiológicas de cultivares de triticale em competição com plantas daninhas

Abstract

Triticale is a winter cereal that has been gaining ground in the market, both for human and animal consumption. However, the weeds that infest this crop are responsible for reducing the productivity and quality of harvested grains. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of triticale cultivars (BRS Ulisses, BRS Minotauro, Embrapa 53 and BRS Resoluto) in the presence of weeds, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and turnip (Raphanus raphanistrum), using the substitution series arrangement method. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with four replications. Treatments were distributed in proportions of triticale and ryegrass or turnip plants: 20:00; 15:5; 10:10; 5:15; 0:20 potted plants-1 . The analysis of the competitiveness of the species was carried out through diagrams applied to substitutive experiments and also through the relative competitiveness indices. At 50 days after emergence (DAE) of the species, the stem diameter, plant height, gas exchange, leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part of the plants, the crop and the competitors were measured. The results showed that there was competition between the triticale cultivars and weeds (ryegrass and turnip) with mutual damage to the species involved in the community. Ryegrass and turnip negatively modified the morphophysiological variables of the triticale cultivars, BRS Ulisses, BRS Minotauro, Embrapa 53 and BRS Resoluto, demonstrating superior competitive ability for environmental resources. Interspecific competition causes greater damage to the morphophysiological variables of the species than intraspecific.