Inoculação de Fusarium graminearum, progresso de giberela e rendimento de trigo após aplicação de fungicidas

Abstract

Wheat is the second most produced cereal in the world, in which it is very important for human and animal food, but wheat farming has many challenges, among them, the incidence of diseases such as wheat scab, a disease that affects ears. It is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat, difficult to control and strongly influenced by the environment. In the absence of cultivars with genetic resistance, the use of fungicides is indispensable, being the main strategy for controlling the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential fungicide applications during wheat flowering, in an area with artificial inoculation of Fusarium graminearum, and wheat yield. The wheat cultivar used was TBIO Noble. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications, as follows: T1: control, without fungicide application; T2: two applications of pydiflumetofem (200 g/L) + azoxystrobin + cyproconazole (200 g/L + 80 g/L); T3: two applications of pyraclostrobin + metconazole (130 g/L + 80 g/L); T4: two applications of bixafem + prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin (125 g/L + 175 g/L + 150 g/L); T5: two applications of trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole (100 g/L + 200 g/L). These applications were positioned at wheat flowering, with an interval of 6 days. The incidence and severity of wheat scab in grains in soft mass and physiological maturity and grain yield were quantified. The fungicides represented in T2 and T4 provide greater control of the disease in grains in soft mass, ensuring a smaller number of dull grains. In grains at physiological maturity, it was observed that T5 and T4 reduced the incidence of scab. The fungicide treatments represented in T5 and T2 confer greater productivity and hectoliter weight on the wheat cultivar TBIO Noble.