Características epidemiológicas do suicídio no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide is defined as the lethal act of an individual against itself with, intentionally, pretention to cause death. This great secular tabu has been more frequently approached in academic fields, on the matter of actions that intent its prevention, but continues being an underreported subject, despite its relevance on public health scope. Objectives: To characterize the suicide phenomenon and of its victims in Brazil, by Federative Unit, on the period of 2010 to 2019. Methods: It is about an ecological study with quantitative approach, using geoprocessing tools. Mortality databases were obtained from Information Health Systems, available by DATASUS and the denominators were obtained from available data of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A compiled of the information were made, so as with the victim’s data, so as the calculation of each mortality rate by suicide for 100 thousand individuals, and through that information were possible to verify the variance between groups of both genders, women and men, by each method chosen, using the F test. The geoprocessing was also made with the suicides in the period. Results: The greatest suicide rates were observed in the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul; the majority of suicidals are composed by men (78,6%) in the age range of 40 to 59 years old (33%), withe (49,8%), single (50,2%) and with 4 to 7 years of education (32,3%). The most used method corresponds to group X70 of CID-10 category (hanging, choking or suffocation), which corresponds to 67% of all suicides. Conclusions: The mortality rate of suicides, on referred decennium, increased on practically all the 27 Brazilian Federal Units, without any specific correlation with obligatoriness of notification, stabilized in 2014, after this year. The methodology used were useful for enable inferencing the relevant statistic on analysis between chosen method and sex.