Doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital terciário da macrorregião norte do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Background: Cancer is related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to the cardiotoxicity of oncologic therapies. Objectives: To analyze and describe cardiovascular diseases that affect patients be fore and after cancer diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted with oncology patients admit ted to a Tertiary Hospital in the Northern Macro-region of Rio Grande do Sul between 2011 and 2020, in which data was obtained through electronic medical records, that were explored by statistical techniques aiming, above all, to define the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with cardiovascular diseases. Results: The sample included 250 individuals distributed over a 10-year interval. The prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases were 47.6% and 13.6%, respec tively. The predominance of systemic arterial hypertension (67.7%) in the previous conditions and of deep vein thrombosis (30.6%) in the incident disorders was noted. The total incidence was associated with male gender (p=0.003), smoking habit (p=0.023) and presence of metabolic (p=0.025) and pulmonary (p=0.047) comorbidi ties. The incidence after the beginning of cancer treatment was associated with chem otherapy (p=0.003) and radiotherapy (p=0.015). The average time to diagnosis was 26.8 months (±29.2; 0.6-95.3). The use of 5-fluorouracil (p=0.025), oxaliplatin (p=0.033), and sunitinib (p=0.017) was significant. Among the diagnostic methods, the most important were echodoppler (31.3%), tomography (28.1%) and echocardiog raphy (12.5%). Conclusions: The relation between cancer and cardiovascular diseases was evident. Therefore, it is essential to promote the progress of cardio-oncology, especially aiming to provide favorable scenarios for cancer patients.