Câncer colorretal: um estudo caso controle um um hospital do norte gaúcho

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer has a high prevalence in the global and Brazilian scenarios, with its incidence showing a significant increase in recent years. Identifying risk factors is crucial for preventing the disease. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and associated factors of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer compared to patients with other neoplasms in a hospital from 2011 to 2019. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, through data collection from electronic medical records. The medical records were divided into cases (diagnosis of colorectal cancer) and controls (diagnosis of other malignant neoplasms), and to control for confounding factors, the medical records were matched by sex and age. The analyses performed in the R program consisted of calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios for each variable in relation to the outcome, including the sociodemographic profile of the sample, past health characteristics, and hospital care for the current neoplasia treatment, along with its clinical outcome. Results: The study included 522 participants, comprising 172 cases and 350 controls. A positive association was found between the development of colorectal cancer and farming occupation and obese population. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the profile of patients with colorectal cancer, as well as the importance of associated factors in disease development, in order to promote the improvement of care provided in hospitals and primary care for these patients.