Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados por tétano no Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2021

Abstract

Objective: To describe the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of tetanus cases in Brazil between 2011 and 2021, highlighting the regions with the highest incidence, thus identifying the regions that need more attention. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, quantitative, observational, descriptive ecological study. Data were obtained through the Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH/SUS) which is integrated into the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Variables that were analyzed are data referring to sex, color/race, age group, number of hospitalizations for tetanus, the data were tabulated and analyzed in electronic spreadsheets, with the results it was possible to draw an epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of hospitalization cases by tetanus, and estimate the mortality rate of tetanus cases in hospitalized patients. Results: the sample number is 2029, it was found that most of the patients hospitalized in the analyzed period are male (81,6%), aged between 50 and 59 years old and brown (39,6%). In the North region, the average incidence rate of tetanus is 1.6 per 1 million inhabitants, making it have the highest percentages of incidence of the 5 regions. The average mortality rate of patients hospitalized for tetanus during the entire period is 0.38 per 1 million inhabitants. Conclusion: the study made it possible to conclude that, in general, hospitalization cases are decreasing over the years, which shows the effectiveness of public policies. Entering, they can be improved by focusing on immunization campaigns, to increase adherence, in males, in older ages, brown color and in specific regions, in order to improve numbers.