A política de segurança hídrica: um olhar para a transposição do Rio Cravo

Abstract

The crisis of water management is being increasingly intensified, as it is one of the effects of environmental changes studied as part of the contemporary environmental issue, the Anthropocene. In this regard, it is urgent to advance studies and research that promote proposals, alternatives, and resolutions for the various issues related to environmental matters. Anchored in this perspective, the present research starts from the understanding of the water management crisis as one of the many gaps of the Anthropocene. The general objective of this investigation is to observe the formation of policies related to water resource management and water security, through the study of the Uruguai River hydrographic region, with a focus on the upper course of the Cravo River in Erechim-RS, in order to better understand the water transfer process in this hydrographic basin. In this regard, the first step was to produce a synthesis of the theoretical formation of the contemporary environmental issue and the international and national political construction of water security and insecurity. The second step highlighted the overall framework of state-level political formation of water management in relation to the historical construction of protection of water supply sources. The third section presented a general framework of urban water supply source categories and the vulnerability index of the Uruguai River hydrographic region (RHU), followed by general aspects of the Committees of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Special emphasis was given to the Committees of the Apuaê-Inhandava and Passo Fundo rivers in Rio Grande do Sul. With the theoretical and methodological reference of Environmental Planning of Hydrographic Basins, combined with Geoprocessing and Remote Sensing techniques, specifically visual interpretation of satellite images, methodological procedures were established for the overall construction of the diagnosis - theoretical, legal, cartographic - of the spatial segments of the research. In the last section, with emphasis on the transposition of the Cravo River as part of a water security policy in the municipality of Erechim, the diagnosis of the upstream springs from the transposition point of the microbasin was systematized. As part of the results, the general diagnosis of the springs and the detailed analysis of the springs in Erechim were presented.