Saúde mental pós-covid-19: prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos associados

Abstract

Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left significant sequelae in survivors, with long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Objective: To evaluate the association between common mental disorder, anxiety, depression and stress, as well as clinical and epidemiological outcomes, up to 12 months after hospital discharge, in individuals who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a municipality in the Northern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study, descriptive and analytical, carried out from September 2022 to April 2023. Individuals aged 18 years or older who required hospitalization due to complications of COVID-19 in the period from September 2021 to August 2022, residing in the city of Passo Fundo (RS), were considered eligible. Eligible individuals were selected from the list of notified and confirmed cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Hospitalized, made available by the Municipal Health Department. Data collection was carried out through a home visit to apply a standardized questionnaire developed for the study itself. For this study, the variables of interest included were: i) sociodemographic, clinical and health characteristics ii) indicative of common mental disorder (CMD) through the SRQ-20 questionnaire and iii) symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress through the DASS-21 scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical program, using descriptive statistics through absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies, Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as well as crude and adjusted logistic regression models associated with the variables. The significance level adopted was p <0.05. Results: 160 interviews were conducted with individuals who were hospitalized from September 2021 to August 2022. Participants were predominantly female, under 65 years of age, married or living with a partner and without paid activity. A common mental disorder was observed in 37.5% of individuals. In the crude and adjusted analysis, overweight, paid activity and the report of mental health were significantly associated with the indication of CMD. Participants presented degree of anxiety, depression and stress (mild to extremely severe) 41.9%, 25% and 22.6%, respectively. In the crude and adjusted analysis, there was a significant association in female individuals with anxiety, smokers were more likely to have depression and selfreported previous mental problems associated with anxiety, depression and stress. Conclusion: There was a high occurrence of common mental disorder, as well as anxiety, depression and stress, in individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19. Most participants did not have psychological/psychiatric follow-up after hospital discharge.