Qualidade da cevada cervejeira (Hordeum vulgare) sob os sistemas de tratamento biodinâmico, orgânico, convencional agroquímico e controle

Abstract

The form of management directly influences the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, yield and quality of each agricultural crop. Within this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of three cropping systems - conventional agrochemical, organic, biodynamic and control, on quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. Imperatriz. The field trial was carried out in the experimental area of annual crops of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment systems with 6 blocks of replicates, totaling 24 experimental plots. The Experiment began in May 2022 with soil preparation and barley drilling in July, under four different fertilization systems and specific treatments. After harvesting, grain samples were tested at FAPA (Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária) in Guarapuava – PR. The parameters analyzed were: Crude Protein Content, Hectoliter Weight (PH), levels of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), classification by size and percentage of germination of the grains produced in the four treatments. These tests are indicative of the quality of barley for brewing malt production. The laboratory results of protein content show that the control treatment produced grains with a percentage of crude protein (CP%) closer to the desirable for malting production, since the other 3 treatments produced barley with a protein content far above the ideal for malting, probably due to the nitrogen content of the fertilizers applied. As for the Hectoliter Weight, all three treatment systems provided the barley with PH values significantly closer to the ideal for the production of malt than the control, due to the well known fertilization – especially nitrogen, effect of reducing the individual grain weight s by increasing the number or amount of seeds in the ears of most cereals. DON mycotoxin levels were much higher than allowed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health standards in all 4 treatments due to the manual harvesting and threshing of barley bales, which involved mixing leaves and stalks owing to the lack of adequate equipment for experimental harvesting and drying of the samples to prevent the proliferation of the Fusarium graminearum fungus that produces DON, but which, however, did not cause significant damage to the crop health or yield of any of the experimental plots.