Concepções da educação ambiental no combate à dengue: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Dengue fever is a major public health problem around the world, aggravated in countries with tropical temperatures, where the hot and humid climate provides ideal conditions for mosquito reproduction. A large number of factors are known to exacerbate the reproduction of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In Brazil, despite campaigns launched annually to raise awareness of the risks and improve the quality of information provided to the population and/or health professionals, the number of registered cases continues to rise. This review aimed to survey articles that addressed Environmental Education in actions to combat dengue in different ways. As well as problematizing the problems of dengue in Brazil; debate actions that relate dengue and Environmental Education and carry out a survey of articles that address Environmental Education and actions to combat dengue. The search was carried out using the Portal Capes database. In this research, 10 articles were included and analyzed. Data analysis was carried out using Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA). Three final categories were defined: 1) Popular Health Education (EPS) and Sanitary Education and their interfaces with Environmental Education; 2) General aspects of Environmental Education in articles on dengue prevention and the focus on Critical EA; 3) Teacher Training and teaching methodologies present in dengue prevention articles. In the first category, the main aspects of intersection between EPS and EA observed in the articles are the importance of dialogue with the community and multidisciplinarity/interdisciplinarity. In the second category, most articles referred to the need for Environmental Education that makes citizens active and critical in relation to socio-environmental issues. And in the third category, the importance of the school as an essential space for raising awareness regarding dengue and the need for initial and continued teacher training is highlighted, highlighting the need to address the issue of dengue in a more comprehensive way, overcoming the model of work on Environmental Education focused solely on health. For a process of critical Environmental Education in relation to dengue with the aim of transforming this current problem, it is necessary to address, in addition to the biological and health aspects involved, also the valorization of popular knowledge, the encouragement of popular action in planning and decision-making in society and the search for collective solutions to difficulties related to A. aegypti.