A constituição de um "ethos" de resistência no discurso da presidente Dilma Rousseff durante investigações da operação "Lava Jato"

Abstract

The research problem that we proposed in this dissertation study is focused on the analysis of the political discourse, more precisely, on the speeches given by the Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff during part of the investigation period of the Lava Jato operation in 2014 and 2015. We analyze the constitution by the president of an ethos of resistance and courage both in her speech and in her corporality, as well as investigating how the discursive archives of the period of military government relate and interweave to her discursive practice during this period. Stage of intense investigations and manifestations contrary to here-election and maintenance in power, all based on the theoretical notions of Michel Foucault. We point out how these concepts present themselves in their discourse as a defense of their innocence and demonstration of strength in the face of the accusations and situations lived in that period that culminated in the opening of the Impeachment process. We also identify the features of subjectivity present in the Constitution of the subject President of the Republic and the functioning of these as a resistance of what it determines. The specific aims of the study were to present a brief chronology of the most important events that occurred during this phase of the Lava Jato investigations, which coincide with the period of analysis of the work, besides the regularities of the political scandal present in this half time. We analyze the definition of a file according to Michel Foucault and verify how it is shown in the discursive practice, in these quince and ordering of the statement suttered by President Dilma Rousseff, besides specifying the conceptualization of discursive ethos, its variations, applicabilities and importance for the formulation of political discourse. We also verified the reasons for the association of the expression Valiant Heart with the image of President Dilma and the incorporation of the term in the formulation of the ethos of resistance in her discourse. Our corpus of analysis consists of fragments of 06 interviews and 16 official speeches delivered by the President of the Republic during the years 2014 and 2015, a period of intense investigation sand developments in the Lava Jato operation. We use the theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis of French tradition as used in Brazil, based essentially on the studies of Michel Foucault, Dominique Maigueneau and Patrick Charaudeau. Through the analysis we have identified that the resistance ethos of President Dilma Rousseff happens under two different facets, at any times it was a way for her to become subject in response to the agonistic game lived during the Lava Jato investigations and, in another moment, only When she speaks of the position of woman subject, or first woman president of the Brazilian Republic, subjectivity occurs, since, her speech totally escapes what is expected by the interlocutors.