Crenças e atitudes linguísticas de polono-brasileiros de Áurea/RS e Nova Erechim/SC: o uso dos termos de parentesco

Abstract

The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the linguistic beliefs of bilingual individuals in relation to the Pol (local Polish), namely, their perceptions and convictions, and then relate them to the attitudes expressed by these individuals. These linguistic attitudes can be observed through the real use of the language taking into account the terms of kinship (blood, spiritual and aliance(in-law)), aiming to perceive the maintenance of the Pol. or its substitution by the Pt.-RS (rio-grandense Portuguese). The research takes place in bilingual contexts (Pol./Pt.- RS), in two localities that belong to two southern states in Brazil: Aurea (Rio Grande do Sul) and Nova Erechim (Santa Catarina). The settlement of Aurea/RS began in 1906 with the arrival of Poles, who, according to IBGE data, constitute 92% of the municipality population. The first settlers of Nova Erechim/SC arrived in 1952, they were gaúchos descendants of Pole and Italian immigrants, originaly from Erechim/RS. Thus, there is a topodynamic relation between the two sites. This research becomes relevant as it addresses a minority immigration language, which lacks linguistic studies. The research is based on the Pluridimensional and Relational Dialectology (Thun, 1996, 1998, 2005, 2010), which contemplates the variational space and the plurality of informants. The data collection and the choice of the informants is based on the cross model developed by Thun (1996). Thus, the research considers the following dimensions: diatopic (Aurea/RS and Nova Erechim/SC), diagenerational (GII [55 years old or more] and GI [from 18 to 36 years old]), diasexual (male and female) and diastratic (Ca [with graduation or more] and Cb [from no schooling until high school]). The research, as well as the questionnaires used as a tool to collect the data, both questionnaires, one on linguistic beliefs and the other on kinship terms, are part of the Atlas das Línguas em Contato na Fronteira (2013). The analysis of the data led us to verify that in the two points researched, the Cb and the GII make more use of the minority language, in this case, the Pol.. The GI presents a considerable substitution of the Pol. by the Pt.-RS, indicating a considerable linguicide of the Pol.. Áurea/RS and Nova Erechim/SC presented 36% of Pol. maintenance. Whereas in Áurea/RS the language is still used in some social contexts, in addition to the family context, in Nova Erechim/SC it is used mainly in the family. The majority of the informants expressed positive beliefs in relation to the Pol., they are, however, aware of the little use they make of it, a fact that is perceptible, when analysing the informants' attitudes.