Ajuste da irrigação considerando a umidade do solo e chuva natural sobre componentes de produtividade da cultura do trigo

Abstract

Wheat is a winter annual cereal crop that requires not only high levels of precipitation but also a proper distribution of rainfall to achieve high productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the adjustment of irrigation based on soil moisture and natural rainfall on wheat crop productivity components. The treatments employed included soil moisture 25% above the critical level, soil moisture at the critical level, soil moisture 25% below the critical level, and irrigation equivalent to the volume of natural rainfall. When the field capacity was reached due to soil moisture, the pots in the treatments were adjusted with irrigation to avoid exceeding the permanent wilting point. Parameters such as plant height, number of tillers, dry biomass, spike length, grains per spike, weight of a thousand grains, and productivity were evaluated. The effectiveness of the treatment with soil moisture 25% below the critical level was confirmed, as it exhibited higher productivity compared to the other treatments, accompanied by the use of a higher water depth. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Tukey's test, validated these observations, underscoring the significance of water management in optimizing wheat cultivation.