Prevalência de lesão renal aguda em pacientes internados por síndrome respiratória aguda grave

Abstract

The present study describes the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a tertiary care hospital in the north of Rio Grande do Sul. Through data collection from electronic medical records, a cross-sectional study of patients admitted from January 1 to June 30, 2020, in the city of Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil, was carried out. The following variables were analyzed: sociodemographic variables for sample characterization, C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, case outcome, final case classification, besides the variable estimated glomerular filtration rate, obtained by applying the CDK-EPI formula. The data obtained were then categorized using the RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury classification, and statistical analysis of the chosen variables was subsequently performed. The absolute and relative frequency distribution of the categorical variables were described. To verify the distribution of the outcome in relation to the degree of AKI, Pearson's chi-square test was used. The sample was composed mostly of males, Caucasian, aged over 70 years, with presence of comorbidities in 84.6% of patients. When the profile of SARS inpatients was analyzed in relation to AKI, a higher prevalence of the first three RIFLE criteria was found in female patients, aged over 70 years, with a predominance of Caucasians. Regarding the outcome of patients hospitalized with SARS who presented AKI estimated by RIFLE criteria (n=132), of the 34 deaths, 67.6% were related to some degree of kidney injury. As shown above, it can be seen that SARS is a severe and complex syndrome that requires frequent monitoring and care. When related to AKI, mortality becomes a worrisome factor, especially in the elderly and people with comorbidities, aggravated with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the prevalence of AKI in patients hospitalized for SARS becomes a factor that needs to be better studied, aiming to create a protocol to be reproduced in the various spectrums of global health.