Depressão e suicídio masculino na perspectiva da autodeterminação e das masculinidades gaúchas

Abstract

From the perspective of Self-Determination, motivations are considered expression, emotion, signification, interpretation, relationship or regulation of an exchange, as they change according to the audience and contexts. In this work, a qualitative research was developed that used the theory of Self-Determination to understand the basic psychological needs and the principles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, as well as the causes of the development of depression and suicidal ideation in men from Rio Grande do Sul, especially from a specific population of male patients from a therapeutic community located in Passo Fundo/RS. A total of 20 men participated in the study, who were interviewed of their own free will. Data were collected using a script with guiding questions, prioritizing the safety of the participants. Thus, the narratives were analyzed through the inductive thematic analysis suggested by Braun and Clarke (2006), which refers to a degree of responses or meanings, explicit or implicit, normalized and relevant in the grouping of information that encompasses these responses into themes. The lack of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of belonging was evidenced when isolation was reported when they had suicidal ideations, and that this whole negative process occurs with social isolation, in a distance from family and friends. The lack of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of competence is a crucial factor to be observed in the prevention of depression and the eventual ideation of suicide, making the theory of self-determination very important and more than half of the participants evidenced a personal inability to deal with their basic emotions such as sadness. In the narrative of the interviewees, it was observed the lack of autonomy that would enable them to identify the solution to their problems and the alternatives of choice, not being able to visualize other options than being punished, in the absence of self- forgiveness, self-love and the instinct to preserve life. In addition, almost all participants showed an externally induced lack of motivation, which contributed to the onset of depression.