Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de soja no município de Cerro Largo - RS

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the main crop in the Brazilian agricultural scenario, presenting variations in productivity by soil, climate, relief, latitude, photoperiod in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Adaptability and stability aim to identify the best genotypes and relationship of Genotype x Environment behavior, based on this, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of different soybean cultivars implemented on different sowing dates in the municipality of Cerro Largo, RS. The cultivar test was conducted on three sowing dates, the first on November 6th, the second on November 23rd and the third on December 9th, with 10 soybean cultivars, using the factorial scheme (10 x 3) with 3 repetitions, evaluating the productive potential. The identification of genotypes with good adaptability and stability in relation to sowing dates was obtained by applying the Eberhart and Russell (1966) methodology. The analysis was carried out with the help of the Genes Program, where the interaction between the genotypes and the environment was sought for the analyzed variable. When evaluating the data obtained from each cultivar on each date, it was noted that the sowing dates 11/06/2022 and 11/23/2022 had great influences of water stress, with average productivity of 2136 kg ha-1 and 2119 kg ha-1, respectively, due to the La Niña phenomenon in the 2022/2023 harvest. The third sowing date of 11/09/2022 showed higher productivity with 2557 kg ha-1. As for the genotypes, TMG 7362 and BMX Trovão stood out, showing that they have greater stability and adaptability.