Avaliação da fertilidade de gemas de videiras ‘Marselan’ e ‘Pinot Noir’ submetidas a diferentes tipos de poda, um estudo de caso na região das Missões

Abstract

The vine, belonging to the Vitaceae family, stands out as the oldest domesticated fruit species, as evidenced by records from ancient civilizations. The genus Vitis, a member of this family, is of particular agricultural importance. Viticulture, as a prominent activity in the national fruit growing panorama, occupies a prominent position today, as well as in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Aware that adequate management is crucial for the prosperity of the crop, pruning is considered as one of the most significant practices for the vine. This technique plays an essential role in balancing the plant's vegetative vigor with its production, and when combined with a specific cultivar and executed properly, pruning can be a determining factor for the productivity of the vines. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate bud fertility depending on different types of pruning in two European grape cultivars. The cultivars analyzed were Pinot Noir and Marselan, both grafted onto the 'Paulsen 1103' rootstock, grown in the municipality of São Pedro do Butiá, which is characterized by having temperatures above the average of places where European grape production commonly occurs. in the state. During the experiment, the position of the fertile buds of the vines was evaluated in the laboratory, as well as the application of short and mixed types of pruning. Mixed pruning proved to be adaptable for both cultivated varieties, even given the prevalence of apical dominance in plants, it resulted in significant cluster values. The results of this study reinforce the importance of carefully choosing the type of pruning, highlighting that a more specific approach may vary between cultivars, and that management must be adopted to improve vine productivity depending on the region where they are located.