Produção de silagem de forrageiras de inverno em sistema de transição agroecológica

Abstract

Agroecological production systems aim to produce food in quantity and quality in a sustainable way, aiming to reduce the social and environmental impacts resulting from agricultural holdings. The agroecological transition is a gradual process of change in the system conventional to agroecological, important factor to avoid significant losses in productivity due to changes in soil management and, gradual control of pests, mainly during the implementation of the new system. Livestock farming is responsible for the production of very important foods, however, the creation of animals makes it necessary to produce cereals and pastures, seeking to avoid damage to the environment and improve soil management, it is necessary to adapt production and make it sustainable. The goal of this research was to evaluate the productivity of different species of winter forages in an agroecological transition system and the quality of the silage produced. Were evaluated productivity and silage quality of different winter forages: silage wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.), white oats (Avena sativa) and oats black (Avena strigosa). The experimental design used was one-block randomized, with three treatments and six replications per treatment, with each plot considered an experimental unit. The experiment was carried out during three years consecutives between 2019 and 2021, in the same place and at the same time of cultivation. Forage chopping for silage was carried out when one of the cultivated forages reached the stage from pasty grain to firm mass, with the aim of evaluating their precocity and their productivity without interfering in the implementation of the planting of summer cultivars. Before chopping for silage, the height of the forage and productivity were measured. The separation of structural components and dry matter quantification were carried out. The productivity, in kg of natural matter/ha, was higher than that of black oats, however did not differ from other forages when evaluated in relation to kg of dry matter/ ha. Black oat presented greater height and growth rate than other forages, as well as presenting a greater share of stalks and leaves in the ensiled material. Silage wheat and white oats presented higher participation of grains in ensiled material and, greater share of crushed material with smaller particle sizes. Significant participation of lactic acid was observed for the different silages, showing good development of lactic acid bacteria, which help to reduce the pH of the silage and, consequently, inhibits the development of undesirable microorganisms.