Desempenho da cultura do trigo sob diferentes preparos e plantas de cobertura

Abstract

The no-till system (NT) is a conservation management practice that aims to increase productivity and conserve the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil. On the other hand, the conventional tillage system (CT) is characterized by intensive soil use, which turns over the upper layers, generating compaction and susceptibility to erosion. Wheat crops can be affected by the management and use of the soil, especially when grown in autumn fallow areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of different cover crop species on soil physical attributes and wheat dry matter production in areas under no-till and scarification in a Oxisol (Ferralsols) in the Missions region of Rio Grande do Sul. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four blocks and six treatments: PO - fallow; NF - forage turnip; CE - rye; AP - black oats; TB - white lupine; MI - species mix. The treatments were subdivided into scarified (SC) and no-till (NT) system. SC reduced soil density and compaction degree, also providing an increase in macropores. Forage turnip represented the highest dry biomass production and concentration of C, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and Zn. Fallow represented inferior conditions in dry biomass and nutrient production. Wheat dry matter was not affected by the treatments.