A noção de espaço geográfico nos livros didáticos de ciências humanas do novo ensino médio

Abstract

This papers presentes the results of the master’s research conducted in the Postgraduate Program in Geography at the Federal University of the Southern Border (UFFS). It focuses on the textbook (LD), which plays an important role in the implementation of the New High School (NEM), as it materializes curricular indications for changes in the classroom in this type of teaching. The objective was to analyze the notion of geographical space presented in the Humanities Science books (CH) in the context of NEM, to contribute to reflections on the knowledge to be taught in school Geography. By presenting the key notion of geography, geographical space signals paths and possibilities for constructing worldviews. For the study of the notion of geographical space in LDs, a qualitative research was conducted from the perspective of hermeneutic-dialogical with theoretical contributions from Geography, Geography Teaching, and Education. Documentary research of laws and reference records was articulated with the LD, whose data were analyzed in dialogue with the methodology of Discursive Textual Analysis (ATD). In this process, four understandings emerged regarding the notion of geographical space in CH LDs of NEM: the first contemplates space as the scope in which globalization takes place; the second encompasses the school as a local space; the third addresses the temporal dimension in reading space; and the fourth refers to the territory as an approach to space. These results lead to the conclusion that the notion of space is presented in a strongly informative manner, which can be qualified if configured more reflectively. By bringing an approach that highlights factual explanations, it implies perspectives that can be related to a mass-forming education. In addition, these textualized explanations in the form of geographical concepts, categories, and content little stimulate investigation and critical analysis, and to a large extent, induce servitude to economic systems.