Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com doença de Parkinson em um hospital no norte gaúcho

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the main neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, chronic and progressive, being the second most common in the world. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease in a hospital in northern Rio Grande do Sul in the period 2015 to 2021. Methods: Observational cross sectional study, of descriptive and analytical type. The study was conducted with a sample of 99 patients from Hospital de Clinicas de Passo Fundo (HCPF) of both genders and without age discrimination. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (CEP - UFFS), under opinion 5.168.377 of December 15, 2021. A data collection from medical records was performed. The following information was extracted from each patient: sex, age, skin color, city of origin, year of attendance, etiological factors, life habits, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and the treatment. Results: Faced with the sample of 99 patients, 28.2% received a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in 2019, 28.2% in 2020, 16.1% in 2018, 9% in 2017, 7% in 2015, 6% in 2021, and 5% in 2016. Such data demonstrate the progressive increase, according to the passing years, of PD diagnosis. It was identified a predominance of male patients (58.5%), age between 70 and 79 (36.3%) years, white (95.9%), 4.1% brown and 78.7% coming from cities involved in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul since the city of Passo Fundo, along with its ample structure in the health network receives patients from more than 100 neighboring cities. Regarding health aspects, 29.3% had hypertension, 13.1% diabetes mellitus, 7% dyslipidemia, 7% depression, 6% cardiovascular disease, COVID-19 4%, and 1% had sleep disorders. Regarding clinical manifestations, 27.2% rest tremor, 21.2% bradykinesia, 19.9% rigidity, 13.1% gait alteration, 8% postural instability, 8% memory impairment, 7% depression, 7% sleep alterations, 7% cognitive impairment, 3% psychosis, 3% hypomimia, 2% mental confusion, 2% hypophonesis, 1% dysautonomia, 1% anxiety. Regarding positive support symptoms for PD, 15.1% progressive disease, 7% persistence of asymmetry, 7% response to evodopa for 5 years or more, 6% achieved good response to levodopa, 4% unilateral onset of disease, 2% levodopa-induced dyskinesia. As for pharmacological management, 33.3% on dopaminergics, 14.1% dopamine agonists, 1% anticholinergics and 1% MAO inhibitors. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgical treatment was recommended for 1% of patients. Conclusion: The sociodemographic profile found in the current study in the Passo Fundo region is largely in agreement with literature data. It is important to emphasize the progressive increase over the years in the number of diagnosis with PD, such fact should serve as an alert for the responsible bodies. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the real epidemiological profile of the condition.