Liberalismo e democracia: uma apresentação do princípio da liberdade na obra uma teoria da justiça de John Rawls

Abstract

The present work consists of the presentation and explanation of the theme of liberty according to the work A theory of justice by the philosopher John Rawls. It aims to introduce the reader, in a simple and clear way, to rawlsian philosophy, first summarizing the main concepts present at the beginning of the author's work and then focusing specifically on the theme of liberty, differentiating individual freedom from collective freedom and dealing with topics such as liberty of conscience and liberty of intolerants. To this end, a thorough reading of the first and second parts of Rawls' work was articulated, as well as secondary readings that address the subject of liberty and that the author considered fundamental to understanding the main issue of the work. Through this study, it was possible to understand how liberty – both liberal and political – is a fundamental part of forming a fair society, following the idea of contractualism present in other important thinkers in political philosophy.