Análise de abastecimento de água e percepção de escassez hídrica em um município da região das Missões - RS

Abstract

There are many sources and forms of water supply in rural areas of Brazil, mainly artesian wells, watercourses, dams and rainwater collection. Climate change, which causes an increase in the planet's average temperature, contributes to negative impacts on the availability of water resources, as well as the relationship between water supply and demand demonstrated a greater shift towards demand, causing water scarcity events. In this sense, the objective of this work was to seek information about water supply sources in rural areas in a municipality in the Missãos region – RS, as well as to analyze the perception of this population in relation to the water crisis. To this end, a questionnaire was prepared to be answered by the population of interest, in the municipality of Cerro Largo, with questions about the social and economic dimension, environmental dimension: water for supply and environmental dimension: water for various purposes. It was decided to interview one property per community, totaling 19 rural properties, carried out in 2023. As a result, it was found that 100% of the properties visited have water from artesian wells, 73.68% of the properties have their own water tank , 57.89% have wells for various purposes, 73.68% have dams and 42.11% have bodies of water that cross their lands. Only 5.26% of residents use cisterns. It was also found that, in the rural areas of the municipality of Cerro Largo, there is a perception of good water availability, as 10.53% stated that there was a frequent lack of water in the general network and in 21.05% of the properties there was a drought in reservoirs/ bodies of water.