Rios que formam cidades: uma análise da evolução e dos desafios na configuração da paisagem urbana de Barão de Cotegipe, RS

Abstract

This study deals with the theme of landscape and space-time dynamics, with an emphasis on transformations that occurred in the municipality of Barão de Cotegipe, Rio Grande do Sul. Through historical analysis of landscape dynamics, the research sought to understand the changes that shaped the urban and rural scenario of this municipality over time. When exploring the elements that configure the local landscape, the aim was not only to document the changes that occurred, but also to understand the processes and factors that drove them. The general objective was to analyze the landscape dynamics in the municipal area of Barão de Cotegipe - RS, highlighting the interactions between urban dynamics, water sources, areas of forest formation and agricultural production. Obtaining information was carried out through 1) Bibliographic and documentary research, 2) Mapping of Land Cover and Use for three time frames (1985, 2003 and 2021); and 3) Field survey, carried out by technical reconnaissance visit and capture of aerial images (perspective). The main results reveal that over the years there has been an increase in urbanization, a reduction in the rural population, an intensification of vegetation suppression and changes in the model of land use and agricultural production. Furthermore, there was an increase in the extent of lentic water bodies in rural areas, at the same time as soil sealing occurred in urban areas. The historical analysis of Barão de Cotegipe presents a process of change in the landscape and disorderly urbanization. The urban space of Barão de Cotegipe reveals a growing propensity for impermeable areas, increasing rainwater runoff towards rivers during rainy periods, triggering recurrent floods. It should be noted It is clear that the topography of Barão de Cotegipe presents opportunities for implementing solutions to minimize the impacts of environmental disasters. A sociocultural analysis of the landscape and the potential to improve quality of life proves to be essential to meet to the specific needs of residents, who directly experience the impacts of water. Understanding the municipality's environmental dynamics can provide elements to support public policies aimed at sustainable development.