Estudo da espécie exótica invasora javali (Sus scrofa) e seus derivados no Brasil

Abstract

Due to the unbridled growth and the fact that it has no natural predator, in January 2013 the Brazilian government through the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) published the Normative Instruction (IN) 03/2013 prohibiting the breeding, commercialization and importation of wild boars (Sus scrofa) within the national territory, as well as establishing measures to contain the growth of the wild boar population already existing in the country. It is worth mentioning that the wild boar is an invasive alien species in Brazil, and its slaughter is allowed as long as it complies with IN 03/2013. In Brazil, there are 3 native species of wild pigs that are protected by law (Law No. 5197/1967), these being the White-lipped Peccary, Collared Peccary (or Caititu) and, Collared Peccary, of these 3, the white-lipped peccary is still found in the territory of Rio Grande do Sul and, recently, some specimens of collared peccary (or peccary) have been sighted again in the state. Thus, the objective of this work is to demonstrate the importance of correctly managing the wild boar in order to reduce the impacts caused to the environment, the economy and public health, as well as to show the different ways of handling this animal in Brazil, in addition to the diseases they can transmit. The present work consists of a literature review regarding the presence of the invasive alien species wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) in Brazil, since its arrival with European immigrants, as well as the impacts that this invasive species has been causing both to humans and native species. Until the beginning of the 90's, in Brazil, the breeding and importation of wild boars, as they were not yet seen as potential pests, but from 1995, the first state in Brazil to allow even in an experimental way the hunting of flocks of wild boars that were causing great damage in the local territory. After the pioneering spirit of this state, Rio Grande do Sul, until the beginning of the 2000s, practically all states in Brazil created laws or ordinances on this subject, due to the great expansion of these wild boar flocks. In 2013, through laws and IN 03, the federal government prohibited the continued operation of wild boar breeders in the national territory, however, it is known that to this day, some breeders are still active, largely due to filing appeals against the closure of the activity and these appeals have not yet reached the higher courts. In 2019, IBAMA, through IN 12, defined some points that were not mentioned by IN 03, especially the use of dogs for the management of wild boars and the creation of the Fauna Management Information System (Simaf) to monitor wild boar management activities in the national territory. Based on studies carried out by researchers in different states, it is possible to state, that wild boars can transmit various types of diseases, such as rabies,10 toxoplasmosis, foot-and-mouth disease, tuberculosis, among others. The fact that these animals transmit diseases corroborates that they are very important when determining the method to be used in management, since the methods that use dogs usually spread the individuals of the population to be controlled, which in this case, is not desirable.